In hyper-fertile Central Illinois, sustainable farmers seek local support, but end up trekking their wares to Chicago.
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In hyper-fertile Central Illinois, sustainable farmers seek local support, but end up trekking their wares to Chicago.
October 12, 2017
When Wes Jarrell and Leslie Cooperband took jobs as soil scientists at the University of Illinois 13 years ago, they bought a farmhouse outside Champaign-Urbana, and set off on a bike ride. The glacier-smoothed land was flat as paper, so pedaling was a breeze. The corn and soybean fields seemed to stretch into eternity. But something felt off: in a 10-mile ride past dozens of farms, they spotted just one vegetable garden.
“It was kind of shocking, “Jarrell remembered. “All these farms with the best soils in the world and a great climate—and one garden.”
Soon after that eye-opening bicycle ride in 2004, the newcomer couple established Prairie Fruits Farm & Creamery, the state’s first licensed Grade-A goat dairy and farmstead creamery, featuring a small orchard and a herd of milking goats.
Jarrell and Cooperband are among the more than 200 new, sustainable farmers who have recently established operations on the fertile farmland of Central Illinois, 100 miles and more south of Chicago.
Wes Jarrell. (Photo courtesy Prairie Fruits Farm.)
In the Corn Belt region—otherwise dominated by expansive industrial corn and soy operations—these small farms represent anomalies, producing everything from peppers to chicken using sustainable methods like integrating livestock and crops. Yet despite their commitment to growing food sustainably for their communities, many of these small enterprises find themselves facing a significant challenge: the local community does not embrace their product fully enough to keep them in business, forcing them to make faraway sales in Chicago.
It’s a problem faced by food producers targeting their local markets around the country; at the same time, a number of organizations and strategies are cropping up to build local support for local food.
The Land Connection, a Champaign-based nonprofit that advocates for sustainable farming in Central Illinois, continually struggles to drum up more residents’ interest in homegrown food, according to Birgit McCall, the organization’s interim executive director. When McCall, a Michigan native, came to the area 13 years ago, she was startled by the limited demand she saw for local meat, dairy, and produce.
“Nationwide, people are starting to realize that fresh, local food is important and good for you,” she says. “Here, I drive home through the cornfields and there’s thousands of acres of food that’s primarily fed to livestock. The vast majority of farm ground here is not feeding local people, and we would like to increase the percentage of farm ground that’s used to feed local people.”
While Prairie Fruits farm has since supported Jarrell and Cooperband they too encountered a limited appetite for local food. Their first year, they had success selling at the Urbana farmers’ market, said Cooperband, but by the second year, they realized they needed to expand their customer base.
“Once you saturate the tiny portion of the population that cares [about local sourcing], you’re sunk,” Jarrell said last March, while taking a break from birthing kids. “We realized if we were going to be profitable, Chicago had to be part of the equation.”
And so the couple headed north to the Green City Market, the largest and first year-round sustainable farmers’ market in Chicago. A weekly routine began: a 280-mile roundtrip journey, made in a 14-hour day that started at 3:30 a.m. and cost $300 for gas and expenses. They quickly found the trek worthwhile—star Chef Rick Bayless became a customer, and they could gross $1,500 per trip. But the journey was exhausting.
The next day is “unprofitable,” Jarrell said diplomatically. “It’s hell,” Cooperband added.
Some small, sustainable farmers in Central Illinois have encountered downright hostility toward the work they’re doing. Cara Cummings, the former executive director at the Land Connection, explained how one resident got in her face to argue that the land is meant to grow corn for ethanol, animal feed, or corn syrup. She took it to mean the that flatness of Midwestern farmland allowed hundreds of acres can support the same crop—unlike in hillier places like Vermont or Wisconsin—and the land should be used accordingly.
Photo courtesy of PrairiErth.
Still, the Land Connection has continued to promote community-based food systems by offering education for beginning farmers and finding ways to build the market.
Two hundred people have gone through Land Connection training in the past 12 years, and the organization launched a new farmers’ market in downtown Champaign two years ago. Because neighboring Urbana has a more established weekend market, the Tuesday-evening event aims to give beginning farmers a start.
There is an ongoing discussion about why more customers haven’t turned out at the market and beyond hasn’t been stronger. Is it because of meal-delivery services like Blue Apron? The new “vegetable butchers” at Whole Foods? Supermarket greenwashing?
Based on the idea that people will buy more local food if it’s convenient, the Land Connection has encouraged farmers to consider things like greater social-media presence, delivery services, online ordering, and community-supported agriculture (CSA) shares that include multiple farms.
For many of the next-generation farmers, selling to the people of Chicago feels compulsory. That usually means going it alone, since farmers’ market rules often prohibit working together—individual producers can sell only what they’ve grown.
Farmers in the area take a number of different approaches to make the trek less demanding. On PrairiErth Farm, a 350-acre spread near Lincoln, Katie and Hans Bishop raise a diverse array of food and animals. Bright-faced thirty-somethings, the Bishops do everything the Land Connection recommends. They’re social-media leaders, maintain an in-demand CSA program, and are experimenting with delivery service and cooking classes. They make about one-eighth of their income by selling to Chicago, Katie estimates.
Katie and Hans Bishop of PrairiErth Farm.
Because of the farm’s size, PrairiErth can work with a wholesaler to avoid the long haul. “I’ll take a little less money for not having to go up there myself,” Katie says.
Slagel Family Farm, an 800-acre farm outside Fairbury, takes a different approach. Realizing in his early 20s that a market existed for pastured, more naturally raised meat like theirs, LouisJohn Slagel began connecting with city chefs in 2007. He now sends four trucks north each week, making deliveries to between 120 and 150 well-known restaurants, like The Publican and Girl & the Goat.
Delivery days are grueling, requiring a 5 a.m. wakeup to start loading trucks and an 11 p.m. return back home. But the siblings, and occasionally employees, rotate in and out to spread the burden. “It’d be a lot harder to do what we do without a lot of family help,” Slagel said.
While the Slagels sell some locally, they make more on drives to Chicago due to the price-consciousness they encounter downstate. “We’re raising it differently, and we’re going to charge a premium,” he said. “If we weren’t charging a premium, we wouldn’t be able to do it the way we are.”
LouisJohn Slagel leading a butchering demo at the Slagel Family Farm dinner and farm tour. (Photo courtesy of Slagel Family Farm.)
At the Land Connection, McCall—who took over from Cummings this summer—hopes she can figure out the keys to expanding local demand. The organization will keep pushing sustainable farmers to sell at their downstate Tuesday farmers’ market, offering farmers trainings in marketing and outreach, and many other efforts.
“I’m cautiously optimistic,” McCall says. “This is the fourth year of our market, and the numbers are way up over last year. We’re helping to build awareness that, hey, this is grown locally, this is good for you.”
Whatever might limit or expand Central Illinoisans’ appetites for the homegrown, for now the massive market of Chicago—through its farmers’ markets, wholesaling, or restaurants—figures heavily into sales calculations for many Central Illinois sustainable farmers.
“Building a local market is a great thing, and if the Land Connection can figure out how to do that, wonderful,” said Jarrell of Prairie Fruits Farm & Creamery. “But until that happens, we either go out of business or we go to Chicago.”
Top photo: Hans Bishop driving a tractor on PrairiErth Farm. (Photo courtesy of PrairiErth.)
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I work at Common Ground Food Co-op in Urbana, IL. We work closely with The Land Connection, PrairiErth, Prairie Fruits, and over 90 local producers. We spend over $1 million buying from local farmers and sell over $1.5 million in local products each year. We hold 100-150 classes yearly to educate the community on food and food issues, including how to cook with local ingredients. As a co-op, we are all about empowering eaters to eat well, support local, and meet their farmers, who regularly sample in the store. We try to constantly reinforce the value of local food and we emphasize affordable local food as well - we have a Food For All program with affordable local recipes and a 10% discount on all produce and many other household staples, including local eggs and milk.
As a "marketer", I can reflect some of the struggles in the article about lack of interest and engagement.
Our definition of what's local is very strict: within 100 miles of the store. The most direct route from Urbana to Chicago is 138 miles, so nothing here is local there and nothing there is local here. PrairiErth and Prairie Fruits are also both well over 100 miles from Chicago, so were Common Ground a Chicago co-op, we could not buy from them and call it local.
We have strict standards because of the reasons local food is important. To me, the #1 thing is that it keeps the money in the local economy, where it benefits the community and builds local relationships. The co-op laid the foundation for our local food market in Central Illinois in 1974 when it first formed. Since then, the market and participation (by laypeople and farmers alike) has continued to grow and this community is so much stronger for it.
(I wrote a little bit about it in the Feb newsletter that just came out if you care to read: http://www.commonground.coop/get-the-scoop/blog/driving-van-change-uncertainty-action).
Of course, the health aspect is important (to building markets, specifically) because that's what's getting people's attention. Local food is probably healthier and definitely better for the environment because it takes less travel. The issue I see, and I think you'll agree with, is that when Wes & Leslie drive their food up to Chicago, it doesn't meet a standard for local food which reflects its ultimate value. You cannot build a local market somewhere else. So, the fact that so many farmers have had to do this reflects a greater problem (thank you for writing about it - so important and, honestly, news to me).
But what is that problem? Lack of interest? Lack of accessibility? Lack of profit for farmers? It's all those and more. Clearly, the effort to build support for local food is a battle against many factors, including big ag's messaging (like that person who thought the land was meant for ethanol, animal feed, and corn syrup), people's frugality, the actual hard work it takes to produce locally, etc.
The main reason I am writing is because I think your article is important and I think there should be a follow-up to explore the nuances of the issues brought up. I think Common Ground represents this fight, given our role in the local market since we began and the struggles we’ve had recently. I’m not exactly sure what I’m suggesting here, but I would love to continue the conversation, either on behalf of myself or the co-op.
Sincerely,
Sam
I do think that converting more people to local food, by clearly demonstrating the divergent practices between the majority of local family farms and the practices which larger-scale "industrial" farms follow is a part of the solution. Economies of scale is not usually pretty. Morally, purchasing food directly supports your neighbor and your community: purchasing via corporate farms supports CEO, stockholders and distributors and rarely provides a farmer with anything nearing a fair wage for raising the food. How to motivate more people to "vote with their dollars?" Farmers will have to be more transparent about pricing and offer products for consumers in lower wage brackets. It is a problem of convenience and cost.
Even full-fledged supporters often can't feed their families on local food, particularly meat, the way it is now packaged and sold, typically in one lb packages. Freezer sides help, but aren't practical for everyone or readily accessible to the average shopper. How about value packages, family sized packages and weekly meat packages sold at discounted pricing - for a lower per lb profit , but potentially reaching a much wider customer base and more sales per farm, return customers and selling to your neighbors who might be priced out of your food otherwise? And for the consumer, a little more attention to what you actually value, and a refusal to spend money on items that don't live up to those values, might help your local farmer to earn a living wage for his family, while growing food for your community. We can feed our communities without industrial style farming. We have that ability. But we have to get the mindset in place. I work in local food systems, and have for decades. We've made progress, but catering only to those wealthy enough to afford the food isn't helping the farmers in the long run. Food has to be equitable. Maybe we can't all routinely eat that rib eye, but we should at least be able to feed our families a chuck steak from the farmer down the road, or be able to make local ground meat burgers for our cook out, and not have to rely on mass-marketed frozen patties that pass for food.